Aging is often seen as a natural part of life, but a growing number of scientists and medical professionals argue that it should be classified as a disease. By viewing aging as a pathological process, we can better understand and address the underlying mechanisms that contribute to age-related decline and chronic diseases. This perspective shifts the focus toward treating and potentially reversing the effects of aging, ultimately improving the quality of life for older individuals.
Understanding Senescence and Cellular Aging
At the heart of aging is a process called senescence. Cellular senescence refers to the state in which cells permanently stop dividing but do not die. This phenomenon can be triggered by various factors, including DNA damage, oxidative stress, and the shortening of telomeres—the protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that gradually erode with each cell division.
As cells enter senescence, they undergo significant changes:
- Growth Arrest: Senescent cells cease to proliferate.
- Altered Function: They secrete inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and proteases, collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP).
- Resistance to Apoptosis: These cells resist programmed cell death, allowing them to persist in the body.
